Cov txheej txheem kho cua sov xws li normalizing, annealing, quenching, thiab tempering yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev hloov kho cov khoom ntawm cov hlau kom tau raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb. Cov txheej txheem no txhim kho hardness, lub zog, toughness, thiab machinability, ua rau lawv tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam. Kev nkag siab tias txhua tus txheej txheem ua haujlwm li cas thiab thaum twg yuav siv lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv.
Annealing, Tempering, thiab Quenching piav qhia
Annealing yog txheej txheem kev kho cua sov siv los ua kom cov hlau mos thiab txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv. Thaum lub sij hawm annealing, cov hlau yog rhuab mus rau ib tug tshwj xeeb kub thiab ces maj mam txias. Cov txheej txheem no ua kom zoo dua cov qauv nplej thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg, ua rau cov khoom siv ntau dua thiab yooj yim rau tshuab. Los ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom siv machinability thiab txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, annealing txhim kho cov khoom siv tag nrho.
Tempering, ntawm qhov tod tes, feem ntau yog ua tom qab quenching. Cov txheej txheem suav nrog reheating cov khoom mus rau qhov kub thiab txias thiab tom qab ntawd txias hauv huab cua lossis dej. Tempering txo cov brittleness uas tshwm sim los ntawm quenching thaum khaws cia lub hardness ntawm cov khoom. Nws pab txhim kho toughness, lub zog, thiab ductility, ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb txheej txheem rau cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv ob qho tib si hnav thiab cuam tshuam.
Quenching yog txheej txheem cua txias ceev uas yuav ua kom cov hlau txias sai sai tom qab cua sov, feem ntau yog muab tso rau hauv dej, roj, lossis cua. Qhov txias txias no hloov cov qauv ntawm cov hlau mus rau hauv martensite, ib daim ntawv nyuaj heev ntawm cov khoom. Thaum quenching nce hardness, nws kuj ua rau cov khoom nkig. Txhawm rau sib npaug qhov no, tempering feem ntau ua tiav tom qab quenching los kho qee qhov toughness thiab txhim kho tag nrho cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
Normalizing thiab nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev kho cua sov
Normalizing yog txheej txheem kev kho cua sov tsim los kho cov qauv ntawm cov hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hypoeutecoid steels. Thaum lub sij hawm normalizing, cov hlau yog rhuab mus rau qhov kub siab tshaj nws qhov tseem ceeb ntau yam thiab ces tso cai rau txias nyob rau hauv huab cua. Cov txheej txheem no pab tshem tawm cov pob zeb ntxhib thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv tawv, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev kho mob ntxiv xws li quenching. Tsis tas li ntawd, normalizing txhim khu lub hardness thiab machinability ntawm tsawg - carbon steels, ua rau lawv ntau npaum li cas rau qhov chaw uas tsis xav tau siab mechanical zog.
Normalizing kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv rau kev kho cua sov ntxiv. Piv txwv li, tom qab normalizing, cov hlau feem ntau zoo ib yam thiab ruaj khov, ua rau nws yooj yim dua los ua quenching lossis tempering nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Hauv hypereutectoid steels, normalizing pab kho cov qauv pearlite, txhim kho ob qho tib si toughness thiab lub zog.
Txhim kho koj cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev kho cua sov
Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov zoo li normalizing, annealing, quenching, thiab tempering yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kho cov khoom siv ntawm cov hlau kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb. Txhua tus txheej txheem ua haujlwm rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb-txawm nws yuav ua kom zoo dua cov qauv nplej, txhim kho hardness, los yog txhim kho toughness. Los ntawm kev nkag siab yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem no ua haujlwm ua ke, cov tuam ntxhab tuaj yeem xaiv txoj hauv kev kho cua sov kom tsim tau ruaj khov thiab siab - cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo rau ntau yam kev siv.
Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav txhim kho koj cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev kho cua sov, tiv tauj peb hnub no kom paub ntau ntxiv!